Have/has + past participle, for/since, just/already/yet/ever/never
Master the present perfect: formation with have/has + past participle, irregular participles (go→gone, see→seen, write→written), signal words (just, already, yet, ever, never, for, since), contrast with past simple (specific time vs relevance to present), and "How long have you...?" questions. 15 questions.
The present perfect doesn't really exist in Spanish or Catalan the way English uses it, which is why "I have gone yesterday" is one of the most common mistakes learners make — the tense connects the past to the present, and specific past times like "yesterday" break that connection.
The exam covers the have/has + past participle formation, the irregular participles that trip students up most, the signal words that mark this tense (just, already, yet, ever, never, for, since), and above all the contrast with past simple that decides which one to use in a real sentence.
Practise the present perfect with real sentence contrasts in the exam below.
English · Primary, Secondary
For + period of time (for two years, for a long time). Since + starting point (since 2020, since Monday). "I have lived here for ten years / since 2014."
Just = very recently (I have just arrived). Already = sooner than expected (I have already eaten). Yet = in negatives and questions (Have you finished yet? / I haven't finished yet).
Never use present perfect with specific past times: "I have gone yesterday" is wrong. Use past simple: "I went yesterday." The exam drills this contrast heavily.
"A student said "I have seen him yesterday." After understanding that "yesterday" is a specific past time requiring past simple, they switched to "I saw him yesterday" — and the rule clicked for all similar cases."
Trucos y técnicas para dominar este tema más rápido:
Form: subject + have/has + past participle. "She has written three books."
Irregular participles to know: go→gone, see→seen, write→written, eat→eaten, take→taken, give→given.
Ever/never go before the past participle: "Have you ever visited Rome? I've never been there."
How long: "How long have you known her?" → "I've known her for five years / since we were children."
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