Biology Exam — Macronutrients, Vitamins and the Mediterranean Diet
Review the pillars of nutrition: macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and fats), fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, essential minerals, the Mediterranean diet and the importance of water and fibre. Multiple-choice questions with detailed explanation.
Biology & Geology · Primary & Secondary
Carbohydrates (4 kcal/g): quick energy. Proteins (4 kcal/g): build and repair tissues. Fats (9 kcal/g): reserve energy and hormones. Each has a specific role.
Fat-soluble (A, D, E, K): stored in liver and fat tissue — excess can be toxic. Water-soluble (B, C): excess excreted in urine — must be taken regularly.
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. Rich in fruit, vegetables, pulses, wholegrain cereals, olive oil and fish. Associated with lower cardiovascular risk and longer life expectancy.
"A Year 8 student thought vitamin D came only from food. After the question about sunlight, she understood that the skin produces it from UVB rays — and that's why northern countries have higher deficiency rates."
Tricks and techniques to master this topic faster:
Vitamin D: produced by the skin in sunlight. Essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day (WHO recommendation).
Water provides no calories but makes up 60-70% of the body — it is the most important nutrient.
If you are studying Nutrition and Healthy Eating, these curriculum topics complement each other:
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