Biology Exam — Macronutrients, Vitamins and the Mediterranean Diet
Review the pillars of nutrition: macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and fats), fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, essential minerals, the Mediterranean diet and the importance of water and fibre. Multiple-choice questions with detailed explanation.
Nutrition is one of those subjects studied in the classroom but applied every day at the table: understanding what each nutrient does, why the body needs vitamins in such different amounts, or why the Mediterranean diet is a global reference model changes how you look at a plate of food.
The exam covers macronutrients and their energy role, the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins (and why some can build up in the body and others can't), essential minerals and the Mediterranean diet, with questions that connect theory to real habits.
Revise nutrition and healthy eating with the exam below.
Biology & Geology · Primary & Secondary
Carbohydrates (4 kcal/g): quick energy. Proteins (4 kcal/g): build and repair tissues. Fats (9 kcal/g): reserve energy and hormones. Each has a specific role.
Fat-soluble (A, D, E, K): stored in liver and fat tissue — excess can be toxic. Water-soluble (B, C): excess excreted in urine — must be taken regularly.
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. Rich in fruit, vegetables, pulses, wholegrain cereals, olive oil and fish. Associated with lower cardiovascular risk and longer life expectancy.
"A Year 8 student thought vitamin D came only from food. After the question about sunlight, she understood that the skin produces it from UVB rays — and that's why northern countries have higher deficiency rates."
Tricks and techniques to master this topic faster:
Vitamin D: produced by the skin in sunlight. Essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day (WHO recommendation).
Water provides no calories but makes up 60-70% of the body — it is the most important nutrient.
If you are studying Nutrition and Healthy Eating, these curriculum topics complement each other:
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