Mean, median, mode, charts and probability calculations
Learn to analyse data using measures of central tendency and spread: arithmetic mean, median, mode and range. Understand the difference between absolute and relative frequency, interpret histograms and pie charts. Calculate simple and independent-event probabilities.
Statistics is the part of mathematics that collects, organises and analyses data to draw conclusions. It is everywhere: surveys, sports results, class marks or weather forecasts. Probability, closely linked to it, measures how likely an event is to happen.
The basic Secondary concepts are the measures of central tendency —mean, median and mode— and of spread —the range—, as well as the difference between absolute and relative frequency. You also interpret charts such as histograms and pie charts, and calculate simple probabilities and those of independent events, like getting two heads when tossing two coins.
Revise averages, charts and probability with the exam below, with a reasoned explanation in every question.
Mathematics · Primary, Secondary
Not just how to calculate the mean: the exam distinguishes when to use the median (data with outliers) and when the mode (categorical data) is more appropriate.
From rolling a die to calculating the probability of two coins, the exam covers simple, complementary and independent events with an explanation after each answer.
Questions on histograms, pie charts and box plots (boxplot) so students can recognise each type and interpret it correctly.
"A Year 9 student who mixed up mean and median sees that for [1, 2, 3, 4, 100] the mean is 22 but the median is 3, and instantly understands the difference."
Tricks and techniques to master this topic faster:
Mean = sum of all data / number of data points. Affected by extreme values.
Median = the middle value when data are ordered. If there is an even number, average the two central values.
Mode = the value that appears most often. There may be more than one mode, or none.
Probability of event A = favourable outcomes / total outcomes. Always between 0 and 1.
If you are studying Statistics and Probability — Maths Exam, these curriculum topics complement each other:
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